Understanding and Managing Migraines During Pregnancy

Pregnancy can be a challenging time for expecting mothers, and migraines are more common during this period due to hormonal changes.

The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia suggests that 15 to 20% of pregnant women experience migraines, with over half of women experiencing fewer attacks in the last few months of pregnancy. However, there also cases of migraines getting worse after delivery or during the postpartum period.

How do migraines manifest during pregnancy? 

Migraines During Pregnancy

A common trigger for pregnant women is their fluctuating hormone levels, specifically the rise and fall of estrogen. Often felt in the first trimester when hormone levels are still in the process of stabilization, moms-to-be get migraine attacks along with an increase in blood volume that could press against sensitive nerve endings.

During pregnancy, estrogen levels increase rapidly, while progesterone levels fluctuate towards the end of the pregnancy. Although migraine intensities improve during the second and third trimesters, this may still be due to the increased levels of natural pain-killing hormones (endorphins).

Not everyone will see an improvement in their migraine, as some women may feel the same pain level or even worse. The period of breastfeeding can bring stable estrogen levels, which continue to be protective against having headaches postpartum.

The symptoms may also be different for each person. Others may experience a migraine from stress, fatigue, and eye strain, while some may have a headache from low levels of blood sugar.

Managing Migraines While Pregnant

While managing migraines during pregnancy can be challenging, it is important to prioritize the health of both the mother and the baby. Finding safe and effective strategies to relieve migraines without compromising the pregnancy is never impossible.

Pregnancy is a delicate time, and it is highly recommended to consult with your doctor regarding medications you could take to relieve migraines, as some can potentially harm the developing baby. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or paracetamol may be recommended, as it is considered safe during pregnancy. However, it is best to avoid using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or aspirin, and painkillers containing codeine, as they can pose risks to the baby.

Non-drug treatments such as lifestyle changes and health devices can also help manage migraines during pregnancy. If you're pregnant, try maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, managing stress through relaxation techniques, and staying hydrated, along with engaging in regular exercise, if approved by a healthcare provider. You could also avoid known triggers such as certain foods (e.g. cheese, coffee, and chocolate) , strong odors, bright lights, and loud noises.

Health devices such as an eye massager could also help relieve migraines. Dr. Shivani Patel of UT Southwestern Medical Center said massage therapy during pregnancy has been shown to provide many benefits, including a sense of wellness, improved relaxation, and better sleep.

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For expectant mothers, the RENPHO Eyeris 3 Eyeris Massager provides a safe and convenient alternative. The gentle massage therapy can reduce eye strain and relieve pressure behind the eyes, which are common migraine triggers. Moreover, the device’s removable gel mask offers soothing warmth or cooling relief, which can be particularly comforting during pregnancy-related migraines.

Make sure to call your maternity unit or your local hospital if your migraines are severe, impact your vision, bring pain below your ribs, or cause vomiting.